Spring

JPA’s Origins and History JPA (Java Persistence API) was first announced on May 11, 2006, through Java Community Process JSR 220 as part of the EJB 3.0 specification. It standardized Hibernate’s core concepts to address the complexity, heavy structure, and container dependency issues of existing EJB 2.x Entity Beans. EJB 2.x Entity Beans required writing Home Interface, Remote Interface, and Bean Class, along with managing complex XML descriptors, which significantly reduced development productivity and made testing difficult. ...

The Birth of the MVC Pattern The MVC pattern was first conceived in 1979 by Norwegian computer scientist Trygve Reenskaug while working on the Smalltalk project at Xerox PARC (Palo Alto Research Center). It emerged from his efforts to design graphical user interface (GUI) software that would enable users to effectively control and visualize complex data. Initially known by various names, the pattern was formalized as Model-View-Controller on December 10, 1979, following extensive discussions with Adele Goldberg. For over 40 years since then, it has established itself as a foundational pattern in software architecture. ...

What is the Dispatcher Servlet? The Dispatcher Servlet is the core component of Spring MVC that implements the Front Controller pattern. It receives all HTTP requests from clients at a single entry point, delegates them to the appropriate controllers, and renders the results returned by controllers into views for responses. Only one Dispatcher Servlet exists in a web application. It handles all requests centrally, enabling efficient management of common logic and allowing developers to focus on business logic. ...

Concept and History of Spring Interceptor Spring Interceptor is a feature first introduced in Spring Framework 2.0 in 2006. It is a mechanism that intervenes at key points—before and after controller execution and after view rendering completion—in the MVC architecture to perform common functions. Through the three methods of the HandlerInterceptor interface (preHandle, postHandle, and afterCompletion), it handles request preprocessing and postprocessing. The design separates cross-cutting concerns such as authentication, logging, execution time measurement, and common data setup from business logic. ...

Concept and History of Servlet Filter Servlet Filter is a Java component first introduced in the Servlet 2.3 specification released in 2001. It intercepts HTTP requests before servlets process them and responses before they are sent to clients, enabling preprocessing and postprocessing operations. The introduction of this feature enabled developers to implement cross-cutting concerns such as authentication, logging, character encoding, and data compression in a reusable manner, separate from business logic. Filters are based on the Chain of Responsibility design pattern, allowing multiple filters to be connected in a chain and executed sequentially. ...

History and Background of Layered Architecture Layered Architecture is a design pattern established in 1990s enterprise application development to realize the Separation of Concerns principle. It was systematized in Martin Fowler’s “Patterns of Enterprise Application Architecture” (2002). The traditional 3-layer architecture consists of Presentation Layer, Business Logic Layer, and Data Access Layer. Spring Framework has made this structure easily implementable through @Controller, @Service, and @Repository annotations, becoming the de facto standard for Java enterprise development. ...

History and Background of Spring Framework Spring Framework is a Java-based enterprise application framework first released in 2003, based on ideas Rod Johnson presented in his 2002 book “Expert One-on-One J2EE Design and Development.” It emerged as an alternative to the complex and heavyweight EJB (Enterprise JavaBeans) 2.x at the time, proposing a lightweight development approach based on POJOs (Plain Old Java Objects). EJB 2.x was tightly coupled to containers, making unit testing difficult, required extensive XML configuration, and had low development productivity. Spring addressed these issues by making IoC (Inversion of Control) and DI (Dependency Injection) its core concepts, reducing coupling between objects and improving testability. ...