Penetration Testing

Introduction ARP spoofing is an attack technique that has been studied in the network security field for a long time. This attack aims to intercept or modify network traffic by exploiting the structural limitations of the ARP protocol. In this article, we will systematically cover the basic concepts of the ARP protocol, the operational principles of ARP spoofing, actual attack implementation, and methods to defend against it. What is the ARP Protocol? ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) is a protocol responsible for address translation between the network layer (IP) and the data link layer (MAC). Simply put, to communicate on an IP network, you need to know not only the target’s IP address but also its MAC address. This is where ARP comes in. ...

Introduction A reverse shell is a remote shell technique that operates in the opposite direction of normal connections. The target system attempts to connect to the attacker’s system, enabling remote command execution. It’s particularly useful in firewall and NAT environments, as most firewalls block incoming connections but allow outgoing ones. How It Works The basic flow of a reverse shell works as follows: The attacker sets up a listener on their system to receive connections on a specific port Code executed on the target system attempts to connect to the attacker’s system The input and output of the target system are forwarded to the attacker The attacker can execute commands on the target system and view the results While typical remote access involves ’the attacker connecting to the target system’, a reverse shell uses the approach of ‘making the target system connect to the attacker’. This reverse connection is the key to bypassing firewalls. ...